Received: 28-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. GJPSET-22-82800; Editor assigned: 02-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. GJPSET-22-82800(PQ); Reviewed: 16-Dec-2022, QC No. GJPSET-22-82800; Revised: 23-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. GJPSET-22-82800(R); Published: 30-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.15651/GJPSET.22.3.037
The type and organization of the institutions involved in managing elections or providing electoral services is an important subject of electoral reform. The EMB government's independence may be strengthened by improvements in this area. The revision of electoral management structures may also be sparked by pressure from local civil society or international organizations. Election process changes such the implementation of a new electoral system may have a significant impact on an EMB’s plans, policies and operations. They may focus on important electoral concerns such increasing electoral integrity, voter registration, political party registration and regulation, electoral participation and representation, electoral district delineation and voter registration (Allcott, et al., 2020).
Additionally, they may focus on particular technical or technological facets of the electoral process such as implementing new hiring or procurement procedures, voter registration systems, voting and vote-counting procedures or voting and voting-related methods or systems. They might incorporate social initiatives such as lessening the female representation gap, facilitating voting for disadvantaged groups or enhancing the staff’s diversity at the EMB. The EMB may be required to implement new procedures for electoral district boundary delimitation, voting and vote counting as a result of electoral system reform, which places a significant information responsibility on it (Bratton, 2008).
By offering their professional judgments on boundary delimitation-related matters and by making sure they carry out their duties related to boundary delimitation impartially, equitably, and with integrity, EMBs can contribute significantly to the reform of electoral district boundary delimitation. Multi-member districts have been implemented in certain electoral reforms because this type of system which is typically based on PR, can lessen the impact of electoral boundaries on election outcomes. Other reforms called for “one person, one vote and one value” boundary delineations. By excluding the legislature from the delimitation process appointing an independent body to oversee delimitation, mandating open hearings and independent review of proposed boundaries among other changes some reforms have attempted to increase the transparency and objectivity of boundary delimitation processes (Chen, et al., 2018).
In both emerging democracies and those that are more established there have been numerous attempts to modernize the voter registration process. Voter registration thus plays a crucial role in the fairness of an election by determining the eligibility of eligible voters to participate in it. Voter registration systems must have very high internal integrity because it typically takes place well in advance of Election Day and frequently away from the direct observation of observers. In addition to the integrity of voter registration procedures efficiency has been a more prominent focus of reforms. In order to reduce the possibility of multiple registrations voter impersonation or repeated voting they frequently included the implementation of biometric data collection and processing.
Since the skill sets needed to handle such a procedure are vastly different from those generally found in EMBs that manage traditional voting techniques, internet voting is the subject of considerable current research and presents a challenge to EMBs that might be contemplating its adoption. The integrity of electoral registers is being increased by EMBs and other organizations in charge of maintaining the data from which they are derived by using more effective techniques to verify the identity of qualified individuals and speeding up data processing, frequently using contemporary technological solutions. Particularly in developing democracies where EMBs may have varying amounts of future financial assistance, EMBs need to ensure that electronic solutions for voter registration enjoy the trust of citizens and are sustainable (Colak, et al., 2017).
An enormous amount of work has gone into increasing accessibility for voting. It has occasionally been possible for people who are abroad, without a fixed address or incarcerated to register to vote. The availability of inperson absentee, postal or early voting including for voters who are abroad, as well as special voting and voter information facilities for refugees, internally displaced people, the disabled, the elderly and those in remote areas, prison or hospitals has increased access to voting for many people. In response to all of these reforms, EMBs had to implement policies and systems that permit increased access while upholding high integrity in the voter registration, voting and counting processes (Dustmann, et al., 2019).
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