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Global Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Editorial - Global Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ( 2021) Volume 9, Issue 4

Pandemic in veterinary world

Ashutosh Kumar Mall*
 
Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, India
 
*Corresponding Author:
Ashutosh Kumar Mall, Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, India, Tel: 8009052220, Email: ashutosh.mal@icar.gov.in

Received: 07-Aug-2021 Published: 30-Aug-2021

Now a day’s lumpy skin disease in catties is considered as a pandemic in veterinary world. This disease 1st time encountered in Zombia, Africa in 1929, still today it is steadily spread throughout the Africa and Middle East country. In 2015 this disease starts entering in to the European country. In 2020 this disease starts in Kerala, India. According to a report of risk assessment by FAO, this disease spread to 14-18 countries till the end of 2021. At least 23 countries in East Asia and south Asia are now at risk of this disease, which is very infectious emerging trans boundary animal disease and This disease out breaks causing significant damage to cattle trade. This disease causes when the cattle or water buffalo encounter with poxvirus lumpy skin disease virus. This virus belongs to Capripox virus genus. Still now proper information regarding this virus transmission not revealed. But experimental studies shown that it is impossible to transformation of this virus from infected one to healthier one quite impossible and it is found that it can be transferred by arthropods like ticks due to this reason it can be called as insect born disease. Till date, the correct mechanism of transmission of this virus and the species of this virus is unclear.

The common sign and symptoms of this disease is sudden decrease in milk production, liquid discharge from mouth and nose, malaise, reduce food intake, drowsiness and fever. The ratio of morbidity and mortality of this disease is 10:1. Sometimes it is happened that some of infected cattle develop very small number of nodules, in this case it is difficult for framer to detect. But generally those nodules are up to 3 cm in diameter. This disease only can be diagnosis by laboratory test. Without laboratory test it is also difficult to say which one is mildly affected and which one is severely infected. Sometimes veterinary doctors are confused this disease with some another diseases like, cow pox, tuberculosis, bovine popular stomatitis, demodicosis etc. The reason behind this is, when any cattle under goes through a disease condition they generally reduces their food intake, inactiveness, fever and drop in milk production. These symptoms are nonspecific and also can be seen with many diseases. In India, one framer of Kerala whose cow was first infected by this disease, was said that, in the starting of day his cow had very drowsy after that, had reduced food intake and mild fever and within 2-3 day cow’s milk production also dropped, they thought it is due to fever. After 8-9 days some small nodules found around neck and leg, in the 15th day of illness that cow is passed away. And in these 15 days some other cattle are also affected by this disease.

There is not such medication or treatment for this disease, only some precautionary steps can be taken for avoid this disease like quarantine infected cattle, proper vaccination (live homologus containing neethling like stain give a hope for this disease treatment).

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to the journal editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.