Biodiversity plays a great role in human existence and in healthy function of natural systems although it is on the way of depletion dominantly due to anthropogenic activities. This requires giving attention to the conservation of biodiversity at different organization levels of biodiversity by using either in in situ or ex-situ conservation approach or both methods in combination based on the conservation objectives. Hence, the objectives this paper was to review biodiversity conservation at different levels with considering threats and conservation approaches available for biodiversity management. Recently biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate due to natural and more importantly by anthropogenic factors. The most threats to biodiversity are agricultural expansion, overexploitation, urbanization, industrialization, pollution, fire incidence, exotic species and global climate change, which are all driven by human population growth. To achieve the goal of sustainable biodiversity conservation, there is also a need to understand what to conserve, where to conserve, how to conserve and also it needs to prioritize species, populations and ecosystems for conservation actions. Moreover, promotion of indigenous resource management practices, involvement of local people in conservation planning and management, involvement of all relevant stakeholders and provision of adequate human, financial and physical resources for conservation efforts are important measures that should be taken into account to ensure the conservation, management and sustainable use of biodiversity. In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to take urgent actions to protect biodiversity from different threats, by employing complementary in situ and ex-situ conservation methods. Furthermore, scholars, policymakers, local communities, academic institutions, conservation organizations, practitioners and all other relevant stakeholders should be work closely in conservation and management of biodiversity to improve human wellbeing.
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